Disc Herniations

Disc herniations, also known as herniated discs, are a common spinal condition that occurs when the soft, gel-like material inside a spinal disc protrudes through a tear in the outer layer of the disc. This can put pressure on the nerves that pass through the spinal column and cause pain, weakness, and numbness in the affected area.
The spinal column is made up of a series of small bones called vertebrae, which are separated by discs that act as shock absorbers and provide cushioning between the vertebrae. Each disc has a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus, and a soft, gel-like center called the nucleus pulposus.
A herniated disc can occur when the outer layer of the disc becomes weakened or damaged, allowing the soft material in the center to bulge or protrude outwards. This can put pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, leading to a range of symptoms depending on the location of the herniation.
Herniated discs can occur anywhere along the spine, but they are most common in the lower back (lumbar spine) and the neck (cervical spine). Common symptoms of a herniated disc include pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected area, as well as muscle spasms and difficulty with movement.